Tangoganizani izi: Ndi 3:00 a.m. Lachiwiri lotentha kwambiri mu July. Anungolo yafrijiimayikidwa pachitseko cha doko pamalo operekerako zinthu, mkati mwake mwakutidwa mpaka denga ndi nkhuku zatsopano ndi zamkaka zokwana madola masauzande ambiri. Kalaliki wolandirayo akukwera m'kalavaniyo, n'kulowetsamo chipangizo choyezera kutentha kwa digito m'chikwama cha nkhuku, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakwinya.
"Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 45 ° F," akutero, akutuluka m'kalavaniyo. Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a furiji yanu akuwonetsa kutentha kwa 36 ° F, zotumizazi mwachiwonekere zavutika ndi ‘kutentha kwambiri.’ Tikukana katundu wonsewo.”
Ngati ndinu woyang'anira chitetezo chazakudya kapena katswiri wazotsatira za kasamalidwe kazinthu, zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa mosakayikira ndizovuta kwambiri. M'mphindi zochepa chabe, kusiyana kwakung'ono kwa deta kungathe kusintha nthawi yomweyo katunduyo kukhala ngongole yotsika mtengo komanso chiopsezo cha thanzi la anthu-kuyambitsa "masewera olakwa" osasunthika pakati pa wotumiza, wonyamulira, ndi wolandira.
M'zinthu zamakono zozizira, kusunga ngolo "kuzizira" sikungathenso kudutsa muster. Poyang’anizana ndi zosintha zokhwima za *Food Safety Modernization Act* (FSMA) yolembedwa ndi U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—pamodzi ndi dongosolo losasunthika la *Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* (HACCP)—ntchito zoyendera zapaulendo tsopano zikuwunikidwa kuposa kale lonse.
M'magawo otsatirawa, tiyang'ana pa intaneti ya malamulo a FDA okhudza kayendetsedwe kazakudya, kuphwanya mndandanda wowunikira kwambiri wa HACCP wama trailer oyendera chakudya, ndikuwunika momwe mungamangire malo osagwirizana ndi madzi - kuwonetsetsa kuti mukayang'anizana ndi kafukufuku wowongolera boma, simungangodutsa mosavuta komanso kuchita bwino.
Anthu akamalankhula za kutsata kayendedwe ka chakudya ku United States, nthawi zambiri amasokoneza mawu osokoneza. Koma tikayang'ana m'mbuyo chilankhulo cha boma, zonse zimabwereranso ku lamulo limodzi loyambira la federal: theMayendedwe Aukhondo a Chakudya Cha Anthu ndi Zinyamakulamulira pansi pa FSMA (yolembedwa pa 21 CFR Gawo 1 Gawo O).
A FDA samangoyang'ana woyendetsa galimoto. Lamuloli limafalitsa udindo wamalamulo momveka bwino pamaudindo anayi osiyana muzinthu zachilengedwe:
[The FSMA Compliance Chain]
├── Otumiza (Imakhazikitsa mafotokozedwe a kutentha & malamulo a ukhondo)
├── Loaders (Imatsimikizira ukhondo woziziritsa kale ndi kalavani musanalowetse)
├── Zonyamulira ^ & kukonza zonyamula ^ / kukonza zonyamula ^ / kukonza zonyamula ^ / kukonza zonyamula ^ / kukonza zonyamula ^ / kukonza └── Olandira (Amawunika kutentha komwe kungathe kuchitika pofika)
Ngati kampani yanu imagwiritsa ntchito zombo zake zonyamula katundu zakomweko, zipinda zozizira zam'manja, kapena zogawa zachigawo,nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi maudindo angapo nthawi imodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulemera kwathunthu kwa kumvera kumakhazikika pamapewa anu.
A FDA amayesa kutsata kwanu panjira kutengera magawo anayi ofunikira. Ngati mulibe umboni wolembedwa mu gawo limodzi mwa magawowa, zida zanu zitha kuonedwa kuti ndi "zachigololo" mwalamulo - kutanthauza kuti zimawonedwa ngati zoipitsidwa, ngakhale chakudya chikuwoneka bwino.
| Mzati Wolamulira | Chofunikira Cholamulidwa | Kuyikira Kwambiri kwa Oyendetsa Fleet |
| Mapangidwe a Galimoto & Zida | Ayenera kukhala oyeretsedwa mosavuta komanso okhoza kusunga kutentha kwachangu pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo. | Makulidwe a insulation, mapanelo amkatikati a chakudya, komanso magwiridwe antchito a automated defrost. |
| Ntchito Zamayendedwe | Ayenera kuchitapo kanthu popewa kuipitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa maulendo. | Kulekanitsa thupi laiwisi motsutsana ndi zakudya zokonzeka kudya; kutsimikizira kuziziritsa kokhazikika. |
| Zolemba za Maphunziro | Ogwira ntchito zonyamula katundu ayenera kutsimikiziridwa mumayendedwe aukhondo. | Zolemba zophunzitsira zolembedwa zimasungidwa pamafayilo a madalaivala onse, onyamula katundu, ndi ogwira ntchito padoko. |
| Kusunga Record | Mapangano olembedwa, zipika zotsuka, ndi chidziwitso chokhazikika cha sensor ziyenera kupezeka mosavuta. | Kusunga zolemba zonse zogwira ntchito kwa miyezi 12. |
Tiyeni tiyankhe funso lofunika kwambiri lomwe limakopa oyang'anira ntchito ambiri:Kodi a FDA amafunikira ma telematics okwera mtengo, a nthawi yeniyeni pa kalavani iliyonse?
Yankho lolunjika ndiloayi. A FDA salamula mtundu kapena mtundu wina waukadaulo. Komabe, lamuloli limanena momveka bwino kuti chonyamuliracho chiyenera kuterosonyezani kusamalira kutentha pa pemphokuchokera kwa wotumiza, wolandila, kapena wofufuza wa FDA.
Ngati mumadalira dalaivala kulemba pamanja manambala pa clipboard kamodzi maola anayi aliwonse, mukusewera Russian roulette ndi kutsatira kwanu.
Kuwerenga kwa digito komwe kuli kutsogolo kwa reefer unit kumakuuzani kutentha kwa mpweya womwe ukuwombakunjacha evaporator yozizira ya unit. Zimateroayitsimikizirani kuti mpweya wosasunthika kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa ngolo yodzaza kwambiri sunatsekeredwe m'thumba loopsa la kutentha.
Kuti mukwaniritse miyezo ya HACCP, protocol yanu yotsata kutentha iyenera kutsatira njira yotsimikizira mfundo zambiri:
Kutsimikizira Kuzizira Kwambiri:Osalowetsamo katundu wowonongeka mu ngolo yomwe isanazizidwe. Ogwira ntchito yotsegula akuyenera kutsimikizira kuti mkati mwa ngoloyo yafika kutentha kwake (monga 36 ° F kwa katundu wafiriji, -4 ° F pa katundu wozizira) chisanadze choyamba cha katundu chisanalowe mu chipinda cha ngolo.
Kulowetsa Kwa data Payekha:Ikani odula okha, olinganizidwa mkati mwa malo onyamula katundu—makamaka pa Critical Control Point (CCP), yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi zitseko zakumbuyo komwe kutentha kumalowera kwambiri.
Kusanthula Kwamagetsi Kokhazikika:Gwiritsani ntchito makina odula ma data omwe amatulutsa malipoti amagetsi osasokoneza (mogwirizana ndi 21 CFR Gawo 11). Zolemba izi zikuwonetsa chithunzi chopitilira, chosasweka cha ulendo wonsewo, kuwerengera ma spikes akanthawi pakanthawi kamene kamawononga madzi.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndinali kuyang'anira mayendedwe a dera ozizira chain distributor. Tinali ndi maopaleshoni okonza mosayembekezereka, kotero tinabweretsa zosunga zobwezeretserangolo yafrijikusamalira Lachisanu m'mawa wobweretsa mazira amadzimadzi amadzimadzi ndi zoyambira zamkaka zopangira buledi.
Kalavaniyo inali yoyera, chipangizo chozizirirapo chinali chamakono, ndipo dalaivala anali wodziwa zambiri. Koma panali cholakwika chimodzi chobisika, chobisika: chute yotumizira mpweya ya rabara yomwe ikuyenda padenga mkati mwa ngoloyo idang'ambika kwambiri pakati.
Chifukwa chakuti chuteyo inang'ambika, mpweya wozizira wotuluka mu evaporator unali kugwera pansi pa ma pallet awiri akutsogolo m'malo moyenda njira yonse mpaka kumbuyo kwa chipangizocho. Zovala zam'mwamba zam'mbuyo zinali zolimba kwambiri, pamene kumbuyo kwa ngoloyo kunakhala thumba lachinyezi komanso lofunda.
Kalavaniyo itafika pa doko lapakati la kasitomala, woyang'anira wawo wowongolera zinthu adakoka za kutentha. Kumbuyo kwa 48 ° F kwa maola atatu - mkati mwa malo oopsa a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (41 ° F mpaka 135 ° F).
Wolandirayo anakana theka lakumbuyo la ngolo yomweyo. Tinayenera kuwononga ndalama zokwana madola 14,000 za mkaka wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphira wong'ambika womwe ukanatenga mphindi khumi kukonza.
Phunziro lopweteka lija linasinthiratu momwe timagwirira ntchito yotsimikizira zida. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma zombo athu amaika patsogolo kupanga zinthu kuposa china chilichonse. Pamene spec'ing katundu kuchokera apamwamba malonda omanga ngatiZZKNOWN, timayang'anitsitsa umphumphu wa kugawa kwa mpweya, zomangira zamkati zopanda chakudya zopanda msoko, komanso kutentha kwa yunifolomu kuti tipewe kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kobisika mkati mwa bokosi la katundu.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti zombo zanu sizikumana ndi zotsika mtengo zokanidwa kapena kukakamiza kuchitapo kanthu, mufunika dongosolo lobwerezabwereza, lokhazikika.
Nazi ntchitoHACCP mndandanda wama trailer a chakudyakuti magulu anu onyamula ndi oyendetsa akuyenera kupha mwendo uliwonse usanachitike, mkati, komanso pambuyo pake:
[ ] Kukhulupirika Kwamapangidwe:Onetsetsani kuti zisindikizo zapakhomo ndi gaskets ndizopanda mpweya kwathunthu popanda ming'alu yowoneka, zowola zowuma, kapena mipata.
[ ] Kuthamanga kwa Airflow:Onetsetsani kuti chute yotumizira mpweya padenga ndi yolumikizidwa bwino komanso yopanda zopinga, zong'ambika, kapena kugwa.
[ ] Ukhondo Wathupi:Onetsetsani kuti makoma, pansi, ndi ngodya zilibe dothi lowoneka, zinyalala, madzi oyimilira, madzi oundana, kapena madontho a zinthu zakale.
[ ] Kuyesa Kununkhiza:Fufuzani chilengedwe chamkati. Mankhwala aliwonse amphamvu, onunkhira, kapena onunkhiritsa amawonetsa kusakwanira kwaukhondo kapena kuwopsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mankhwala.
[ ] Mizere Yotsitsa:Onetsetsani kuti zotayira pansi ndizopanda zinyalala ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino kuti madzi osamba athawe.
[ ] Sambani Pansi:Tsukani makoma amkati ndi pansi pogwiritsa ntchito sanitizing agent yolembedwa ndi EPA.
[ ] Kuchotsa Chemical:Muzimutsuka bwino ndi madzi amchere ngati wopanga mankhwala angafunikire, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zotsalira za mankhwala zomwe zingawononge chakudya.
[ ] Nthawi Yoyanika:Lolani kuti kalavani yanu yamkati iume kwathunthu musanatseke zitseko ndikuyambitsa kuzizira.
[ ] Kuzizira Kwambiri:Thamangani reefer unit mpaka kutentha kwa mkati kukhazikika pamalo omwe chandamale chomwe chafotokozedwa pa bill of lading (BOL).
[ ] Kuyambitsa Data Logger:Yambitsani ndikuyika cholota chamagetsi chamagetsi kumbuyo kwa malo onyamula katundu.
[ ] Mpata wa Airflow:Onetsetsani kuti katundu wapakidwa ndi chilolezo chosachepera mainchesi 2 kuchokera m'makoma am'mbali, mainchesi 6 kuchokera padenga laling'ono, komanso kuti mapaleti alowedwe pansi kuti mpweya uziyenda momasuka pansi pa katunduyo.
Kufufuza kosayembekezeka kochitidwa ndi mkulu wa dipatimenti ya zamayendedwe (DOT) kapena wofufuza wa FDA ndizovuta kwambiri, koma siziyenera kukhala zovutitsa. Auditors akuyang'ana chinthu chimodzi:kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa zomwe mwalemba zomwe mwalemba (SOPs) zimanena kuti mumachita, ndi zomwe zolemba zanu zimatsimikizira kuti munachitadi.
Ngati wowerengera alowa padoko lanu mawa, tsatirani ndondomekoyi kuti mukhale olamulira:
Musapangitse wofufuzayo akudikireni mukamasaka makabati osokonekera kapena kuyang'ana maspredishiti pakompyuta yakale. Sungani zomangirira zokonzekera zowerengera kapena chikwatu chodzipereka chamtambo chomwe chili ndi:
Njira zanu zolembera zaukhondo (monga zimafunidwa ndi 21 CFR § 1.908).
Mbiri yosasweka ya miyezi 12 ya zipika zotsuka ma trailer zolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi manambala ozindikiritsa magalimoto (VINs).
Ziphaso zophunzitsira anthu ogwira ntchito zosonyeza kuti onyamula katundu wanu ndi ogwira ntchito anu amaliza bwino maphunziro ovomerezeka achitetezo cha chakudya ndi ukhondo.
Khalani okonzeka kufotokoza mapulani anu okonzera. Ngati auditor akufunsa,"Kodi dalaivala wanu amachita chiyani ngati kutentha kwakwera kuposa $42^circ ext{F}$ panthawi yaulendo?", gulu lanu liyenera kukhala ndi yankho lomveka bwino, nthawi yomweyo:
"Dalaivala amayendetsa bwino, amayang'ana zida zamakina, omwe amatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo, amalemba nthawi yaulendowu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yathu yotsatirira digito, ndikunyamula katundu kuti awonedwe kaye kaye kasamalidwe kabwino asanaperekedwe kwa wolandila."
Kuwonetsa kuti muli ndi njira yolimbikitsira, yokhazikika pakuthana ndi zovuta kumauza wowerengera zonse zomwe akuyenera kudziwa zokhudza chikhalidwe cha chitetezo cha kampani yanu.
A FDA amatanthauzira malo owopsa a nthawi/kuwongolera kutentha kwa chitetezo chazakudya (TCS chakudya) ngati mtundu wapakati41°Fndi 135°F (5°C ku 57°C). Mkati sipekitiramu, woopsa zakudya zokhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngatiSalmonella, Listeria monocytogenes,ndiE. koliakhoza kuchulukirachulukira, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu mkati mwa mphindi makumi awiri.
Palibe lamulo la kalendala lokhazikika (monga "kamodzi masiku atatu aliwonse"). Pansi pa malangizo a HACCP, kalavani iyenera kutsukidwa ndikuyeretsedwanthawi zonse pakakhala chiopsezo chotengera matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuyeretsa chipangizocho mutangotenga zokolola zosatsukidwa kapena nyama yaiwisi musanalowetse bwino zakudya zophikidwa, zokonzeka kudya kapena zophikidwa.
Ayi. Ngakhale pali kukhululukidwa kwachuma kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi ndalama zosakwana $$500,000$ pa avareji ya ndalama zapachaka, zolinga zamalamulo zimakhalabe zazikulu. Ngati mukunyamula zakudya zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera kutentha kuti zisawonongeke, ntchito zanu ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ukhondo, kusunga zolemba zolondola, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito modalirika.
Pansi pa 21 CFR § 1.912, zolemba zonse zomwe zimafunikira pansi pa lamulo la Sanitary Transportation - kuphatikiza njira zolembera, zolemba zophunzitsira zonyamula katundu, ndi malipoti otsata kutentha - ziyenera kusungidwaosachepera miyezi 12kuyambira tsiku lomwe mayendedwe adachitika.
Kuyendera malamulo achitetezo chazakudya ku federal kumatha kukhala kovutirapo poyamba, koma pamapeto pake kumabwera pakukhazikitsa zizolowezi zanu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Pokhazikitsa mndandanda womveka bwino, kuyika ndalama zamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku mayina odalirika ngatiZZKNOWN, ndi kuchirikiza ntchito zanu ndi zipika za data zopanda umboni, mumachita zambiri kuposa kungoteteza bizinesi yanu ku kukanidwa kodula ndi zilango zamalamulo. Mumadzipangira mbiri yabwino ngati munthu wodalirika komanso wosankhika pamayendedwe amakono.
Kuti mumve mozama momwe mabungwe aboma amatsatirira mfundo zoziziritsa kukhosi pamsewu, mutha kuwona ndemanga yamaphunziro iyi ya Sanitary Transportation Rule. Izi mwachidule zikuwonetsa momwe a FDA amayembekezera otumiza, onyamula katundu, ndi onyamula kuti agwirizane kwambiri kuti ateteze mtundu wa chakudya ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu pamayendedwe onse.
