Tekereza ibi: Ni saa tatu za mugitondo ku wa kabiri wuzuye muri Nyakanga. Iwawefirigoisubizwa inyuma ku rugi rwa dock mu kigo cyo kugabura, imbere yacyo yashyizwe ku gisenge hamwe n’ibihumbi by’amadolari y’agaciro k’inkoko n’ibikomoka ku mata. Umwanditsi wakiriye yurira muri romoruki, ahita yinjiza ibipimo bya sisitemu ya termometero mu nkoko, ahita yubika amaso.
Agaruka inyuma ya trailer ati: "Ubushyuhe bwo gusoma ni 45 ° F". Ati: “Nubwo icyerekezo cya firigo yawe cyerekana ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije bwa 36 ° F, ibyoherejwe byagaragaye ko byatewe n '' ubushyuhe bukabije. 'Twanze umutwaro wose.”
Niba uri umuyobozi ushinzwe umutekano wibiribwa cyangwa inzobere mu kubahiriza ibikoresho, ibintu byavuzwe haruguru ntagushidikanya ko ari bibi cyane. Mu minota mike, itandukaniro rito mu makuru rirashobora guhita rihindura ibyoherejwe muburyozwe byemewe n'amategeko kandi bikaba bishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwabaturage - bigatera “umukino wamakosa” udahwema kubohereza, abatwara, nuwakira.
Mubikoresho bya kijyambere bikonje, kugumisha trailer "imbeho" ntibikiri bihagije kugirango uhitemo. Guhura n’ivugurura rikomeye ry’amategeko agenga ivugurura ry’ibiribwa * (FSMA) n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) - hagati y’imiterere idahwitse y’urwego rwa * Isesengura rya Hazard na Critical Control Point * (HACCP) - ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu ubu birakurikiranwa bitigeze bibaho.
Mu bice bikurikira, tuzareba urubuga rukomeye rwa FDA rw’amategeko agenga ubwikorezi bw’ibiribwa, dusenye urutonde rw’ibikorwa ngenzuramikorere bya HACCP rugenzura ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi, kandi tunashakisha uburyo twubaka urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byuzuza amazi - tukemeza ko iyo uhuye n’ubugenzuzi butunguranye bwa federasiyo, udashobora kunyura mu bworoherane ahubwo ukaba mwiza cyane.
Iyo abantu bavuga kubyerekeye kubahiriza ubwikorezi bwibiryo muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, mubisanzwe baterera hafi amagambo ahinnye. Ariko niba dusubije inyuma ururimi rwa bureaucratique, ibintu byose byerekana itegeko rimwe shingiro rya federasiyo :.Gutwara isuku y'ibiryo byabantu ninyamaswaamategeko munsi ya FSMA (yanditse kuri 21 CFR Igice cya 1 Igice cya O).
FDA ntabwo ireba gusa umushoferi w'ikamyo. Amategeko akwirakwiza mu buryo bweruye inshingano zemewe n'amategeko mu nshingano enye zitandukanye muri urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima:
[Urunigi rwa FSMA]
Niba isosiyete yawe ikora amato yimodoka zitwara abagenzi, ibyumba bikonje bigendanwa, cyangwa reef zo mukarere,ukunze gukora imirimo myinshi icyarimwe. Ibi bivuze uburemere bwuzuye bwo kubahiriza bushingiye cyane kubitugu byawe.
FDA isuzuma ibyo wanyuze hejuru yumuhanda ukurikije ibyiciro bine byingenzi. Niba udafite ibimenyetso byanditse muri kamwe muri utwo turere, ibikoresho byawe birashobora gufatwa nk '"umusambanyi" - bivuze ko bifatwa nkaho byanduye, nubwo ibiryo bisa neza neza.
| Inkingi igenga | Ibisabwa | Ibyingenzi Byibanze kubakoresha amato |
| Ibinyabiziga n'ibishushanyo mbonera | Ugomba kuba usukuye byoroshye kandi ushoboye kugumana ubushyuhe bwuzuye mubibazo. | Ubunini bwokwirinda, ibiryo-byimbere byimbere, hamwe na defrost ikora. |
| Ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu | Ugomba gufata ingamba zihamye zo gukumira kwanduzanya no kuzenguruka ubushyuhe. | Gutandukana kumubiri nibiryo byiteguye kurya; kugenzura neza mbere yo gukonjesha. |
| Amahugurwa | Abakozi batwara ibintu bagomba kwemezwa mubikorwa byo gutwara isuku. | Inyandiko zamahugurwa zabitswe kuri dosiye kubashoferi bose, abatwara ibintu, n'abakozi ba dock. |
| Kubika | Amasezerano yanditse, gusukura ibiti, hamwe namakuru ya sensor yama makuru agomba kuba byoroshye kuboneka. | Kugumana inyandiko zose zikonje zikonje byibuze amezi 12. |
Reka dusubize ikibazo cyingenzi kigenda hejuru yibikorwa byinshi:FDA ikenera telematiki ihenze, mugihe nyacyo kuri trailer imwe?
Igisubizo kiziguye nioya. FDA ntabwo itegeka ikirango cyangwa ubwoko bwikoranabuhanga. Ariko, amategeko avuga yeruye ko uyitwaye agomba kubishoboraErekana ubushyuhe bwo kubisabwauhereye kubohereza, uwakiriye, cyangwa iperereza rya FDA.
Niba wishingikirije ku mushoferi wandikishije intoki imibare kuri clip clip rimwe mumasaha ane, urimo ukina roulette yikirusiya hamwe nu kubahiriza.
Isomero rya digitale imbere yikigo cya reefer irakubwira ubushyuhe bwumwuka uhuhahanzeya firime ikonjesha. Irakorantabwogaragaza ko umwuka uhagaze inyuma yinyuma yimodoka idafunze neza ntabwo ifatiwe mumufuka wubushyuhe.
Kugirango wuzuze ibipimo bya HACCP, protocole yawe ikurikirana ubushyuhe igomba gukurikiza ingamba nyinshi zo kugenzura:
Kugenzura mbere yo gukonjesha:Ntuzigere ushira ibicuruzwa byangirika muri trailer itabanje gukonjeshwa. Abakozi bapakurura bagomba kugenzura ko imbere yimodoka yageze ku bushyuhe bwayo bwo gukora (urugero, 36 ° F kubicuruzwa bikonjesha, -4 ° F kubicuruzwa byafunzwe) mbere yuko pallet yambere yibicuruzwa byinjira muri romoruki.
Kwandika Amakuru Yigenga:Shira amakuru yigenga, asibanganya amakuru yinjira imbere yumuzigo - cyane cyane kuri primaire ya Critical Control Point (CCP), ubusanzwe iri hafi yinzugi zinyuma aho ubushyuhe bwinjira cyane.
Igenzura rihoraho rya elegitoroniki:Koresha ibyuma byandika byikora bitanga raporo ya elegitoroniki yerekana (ukurikiza 21 CFR Igice cya 11). Izi nyandiko zerekana igishushanyo mbonera, kitavunitse cyigihe cyurugendo rwose, kibara imitwe yigihe gito mugihe cyizunguruka cyikora.
Mu myaka mike ishize, nayoboraga ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza uturere dukonje. Twagize uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibintu bitunguranye, nuko tuzana backupfirigogukemura ikibazo cyo kuwa gatanu mugitondo cyoherejwe n'amagi y'amazi meza hamwe n'amata meza yo kumata imigati.
Trailer yari ifite isuku, igice cyo gukonjesha cyari kigezweho, kandi umushoferi yari inararibonye. Ariko hariho inenge imwe yoroheje, yihishe ya mashini: chute ya reber yohereza ikirere yiruka hejuru yinzu hejuru yimodoka yari ifite amarira manini hepfo.
Kubera ko chute yashwanyaguritse, umwuka ukonje wasohotse mu byuka byajugunywe hasi kuri pallets ebyiri imbere aho kugenda inzira yose igana inyuma yikigo. Pallet y'imbere yari isanzwe ikonjeshwa cyane, mugihe inyuma yimodoka yahindutse umufuka uhagaze wumuyaga mwinshi, ushyushye.
Iyo romoruki yageze ku cyicaro gikuru cy’abakiriya, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge yakuye amakuru y’ubushyuhe. Agace k'inyuma kari kamaze amasaha arenga atatu hejuru ya 48 ° F - imbere y’ahantu hateye akaga (41 ° F kugeza 135 ° F).
Uwakiriye yanze igice cyinyuma cyimodoka ako kanya. Byabaye ngombwa ko dusenya amadolari arenga 14,000 y’amadolari y’ibiciro by’amata gusa kubera igice cyoroshye cya reberi yatanyaguwe byatwara iminota icumi yo gukosora.
Iri somo ribabaza ryahinduye rwose uburyo dukora kugenzura ibikoresho. Niyo mpamvu abafatanyabikorwa bacu ubu bashyira imbere ubwiza bwinganda kuruta ibindi byose. Iyo gutondekanya umutungo uva mubucuruzi buhanitse bwubucuruzi bwubucuruzi nkaZZKNOWN, turareba neza uburinganire bwogukwirakwiza ikirere, ibiribwa bitagira ingano-byimbere, hamwe nubushyuhe bumwe kugirango tubuze micro-climat ihishe gutera imbere mumasanduku yimizigo.
Kugirango umenye neza ko amato yawe atigera agira ibicuruzwa bihenze cyangwa ibikorwa byo kubahiriza, ukeneye sisitemu isubirwamo, isanzwe.
Dore imikorereUrutonde rwibiryo bya HACCPko amakipi yawe yo gupakira no gutwara agomba gukora mbere, mugihe, na nyuma ya buri kaguru ko gutwara:
[ ] Ubunyangamugayo:Reba neza ko kashe yumuryango hamwe na gasketi birinda umuyaga rwose nta bice bigaragara, kubora, cyangwa icyuho.
[ ] Ikirere cyo mu kirere:Kugenzura igisenge cyohereza ikirere cya chute gifatanye neza kandi nta mbogamizi, gutanyagura, cyangwa kugabanuka.
[ ] Isuku ku mubiri:Menya neza ko inkuta, amagorofa, no mu mfuruka bitarimo umwanda ugaragara, imyanda, amazi ahagaze, kubaka urubura, cyangwa ibinyabuzima biva mu mizigo yabanje.
[ ] Ikizamini cyo kunuka:Hindura ibidukikije imbere. Imiti iyo ari yo yose ikomeye, yuzuye, cyangwa impumuro mbi yerekana isuku idahagije cyangwa imiti ishobora kwanduza.
[ ] Imiyoboro y'amazi:Emeza ko imiyoboro yo hasi isukuye neza imyanda kandi ikora neza kugirango amazi yoge arashobora guhunga.
[ ] Karaba:Karaba urukuta rw'imbere n'amagorofa ukoresheje urwego-rwibiryo, umukozi ushinzwe isuku muri EPA.
[ ] Gutunganya imiti:Kwoza neza n'amazi meza niba bisabwa nu ruganda rukora imiti, urebe ko nta bisigazwa by’imiti bisigaye byanduza ibyo kurya.
[ ] Igihe cyo Kuma:Emerera trailer imbere guhumeka neza mbere yo gufunga imiryango no gutangiza ukwezi gukonje.
[ ] Inzira ibanziriza ubukonje:Koresha igice cya reefer kugeza ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere bwifashe neza mugihe cyagenwe cyerekanwe kuri fagitire yinguzanyo (BOL).
[ ] Gukora Data Logger Igikorwa:Gutangiza no gushyira kalibibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yandika inyuma yumuzigo.
[ ] Umwanya wo mu kirere:Menya neza ko imizigo yuzuye byibuze santimetero 2 ziva ku rukuta rwo ku mpande, santimetero 6 ziva mu gisenge, kandi ko pallet zipakirwa hasi kugira ngo umwuka uzenguruke mu bwisanzure munsi y’imizigo.
Ubugenzuzi butunguranye bwakozwe n’ishami rya Leta rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu (DOT) cyangwa umushakashatsi wa FDA ni uburambe bukomeye, ariko ntibigomba kuba ibibazo. Abagenzuzi bashakisha ikintu kimwe:ikinyuranyo hagati yibyo wanditse mubikorwa bisanzwe byanditse (SOPs) bivuga ko ukora, hamwe nibyangombwa byawe byerekana ko wakoze.
Niba umugenzuzi akandagiye kuri dock yawe ejo, kurikiza protocole kugirango ugume kugenzura:
Ntugatume umupererezi ategereza mugihe uhiga ukoresheje akabati keza cyangwa ushakisha urupapuro kuri mudasobwa ishaje. Komeza ubugenzuzi bwiteguye guhuza cyangwa ububiko bwabigenewe burimo:
Uburyo bwawe bwanditse bwo gutwara isuku (nkuko bisabwa na 21 CFR § 1.908).
Amateka atavunitse yamezi 12 yimodoka yisuku yimodoka ihuza nimero yihariye iranga ibinyabiziga (VIN).
Impamyabumenyi y'amahugurwa y'abakozi yerekana ko abatwara ibicuruzwa n'abakora neza barangije neza amasomo y’ibiribwa byemewe n’ubwikorezi bw’isuku.
Witegure gusobanura gahunda zawe zo gukosora. Niba umugenzuzi abajije,"Umushoferi wawe akora iki niba ubushyuhe buzamutse hejuru ya $ 42 ^ umuzenguruko ext {F} $ mugihe cyo gutambuka?", itsinda ryanyu rigomba kugira igisubizo cyumvikana, cyihuse:
"Umushoferi akurura neza, agenzura igice cya kode ya mashini, kohereza ubutumwa ako kanya, akandika igihe cy'urugendo akoresheje sisitemu yacu yo gukurikirana, kandi afite umutwaro wo gusuzuma ubuziranenge mbere yo gushyikirizwa uwakiriye."
Kwerekana ko ufite gahunda yibikorwa, ifite gahunda yo gukemura ibibazo ibwira umugenzuzi ibyo bakeneye byose bijyanye numuco wumutekano wikigo cyawe.
FDA isobanura ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa nubushyuhe bwigihe / kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumutekano wibiribwa (ibiryo bya TCS) nkurwego ruri hagati41 ° F.na 135° F. (5°C kugeza kuri 57°C). Muri ubu buryo, ibyorezo byangiza ibiryo nkaSalmonella, Listeria monocytogène, naE. coliIrashobora kugwira vuba, birashoboka kwikuba kabiri muminota makumyabiri.
Nta tegeko rihamye rya kalendari (nka "rimwe mu minsi itatu"). Ukurikije amabwiriza ya HACCP, romoruki igomba gusukurwa no kugira isukuigihe cyose hari ibyago byo kwanduzanya. Kurugero, ugomba gusukura igice ako kanya nyuma yo gutwara umusaruro mbisi udakarabye cyangwa inyama mbisi mbere yuko ushobora gupakira neza ibiryo byuzuye, byiteguye-kurya-ibiryo bitetse cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitetse.
No. Niba utwara ibiryo bisaba kugenzura ubushyuhe kugirango birinde umutekano muke, ibikorwa byawe bigomba gukoresha imyitozo yisuku, kubika inyandiko zukuri, no gukoresha ibikoresho bikora neza.
Munsi ya 21 CFR § 1.912, inyandiko zose zisabwa mumategeko agenga ubwikorezi bwisuku-harimo inzira zanditse, inyandiko zamahugurwa yabatwara, na raporo zikurikirana ubushyuhe - zigomba kubikwa kuribyibuze amezi 12guhera umunsi ubwikorezi bwabereye.
Kugendera kumategeko agenga umutekano wibiribwa birashobora kumva ubanza bikabije, ariko amaherezo biza muburyo bwo kumenyera ingeso zawe za buri munsi. Mugushira mubikorwa urutonde rusobanutse, gushora imari murwego rwohejuru rwibikorwa remezo biva kumazina yizewe nkaZZKNOWN, no gusubiza inyuma ibikorwa byawe hamwe na tamper-yerekana amakuru yamakuru, ukora ibirenze kurinda ubucuruzi bwawe kwangwa bihenze nibihano byemewe n'amategeko. Wubaka izina rikomeye nkumuntu wizewe, wintangarugero mubikorwa bya kijyambere.
Kugirango urusheho gusobanukirwa neza nuburyo ibigo bya federasiyo byubahiriza aya mahame akonje yumuhanda, urashobora kureba iri suzuma ryuburezi ryitegeko ryogutwara isuku. Iyi ncamake yerekana uburyo FDA iteganya ko abatwara ibicuruzwa, abatwara imizigo, nabatwara ibicuruzwa bafatanya cyane kurinda ubuziranenge bwibiribwa no kubungabunga umutekano rusange murusobe rwubwikorezi.
