Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni woku: Kungentsimbi yesi-3:00 kusasa ngoLwesibini olushushu lukaJulayi. Eyakhoitreyila efrijiniixhaswe kumnyango wedokhi kwiziko lokuhambisa, ingaphakathi layo lifunjwe kwisilingi ngamawaka eedola ezixabisa iinkukhu ezintsha eziphilayo kunye neemveliso zobisi. Umabhalane owamkelayo ukhwela kwinqwelwana, afake nje ithemometha yedijithali kwityala lenkukhu, aze afinge iintshiyi ngoko nangoko.
"Ubushushu obuphambili bokufunda yi-45 ° F," utsho, ephuma kwinqwelo erhuqwayo. "Nangona umboniso weyunithi yakho yefriji ubonisa iqondo lobushushu le-36 ° F, le mpahla ifunyenwe ngokucacileyo 'kukusetyenziswa kakubi kobushushu.' Siyawugatya wonke umthwalo."
Ukuba ungumphathi wokhuseleko lokutya okanye ingcaphephe ehambelana nolungiselelo, imeko echazwe ngasentla ngokungathandabuzekiyo lelona phupha lobubi lakho libi. Kwimizuzu embalwa, ukuchasana okuncinci kwidatha kunokuguqula ngokukhawuleza ukuthunyelwa okusebenzayo kwintlawulo yezomthetho ebiza imali kunye nobungozi obunokuthi bube yingozi kwimpilo yoluntu-ukudala "umdlalo wokugxeka" ongapheliyo phakathi komthumeli, umthwali kunye nomamkeli.
Kwimixokelelwane ebandayo yale mihla, ukugcina nje itreyila “ibanda” akusenelanga ukuba idlule. Ukujongana nezilungiso ezingqongqo kwi-*Food Safety Modernization Act* (FSMA) yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-kunye nesakhiwo esingaguqukiyo se-*Uhlalutyo lweengozi kunye neeNdawo eziPhambili zoLawulo * (i-HACCP)-imisebenzi yezothutho ngoku iphantsi kokuhlolwa okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili.
Kula macandelo alandelayo, siza kujonga kwiwebhu ye-FDA entsonkothileyo yemithetho yothutho lokutya, sicazulule uluhlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo lwe-HACCP yeetreyila zothutho lokutya, kwaye siphonononge indlela yokwakha inkqubo yokuthotyelwa kwendalo engenamanzi-ukuqinisekisa ukuba xa ujongene nophicotho-zincwadi olulawulayo lwesiquphe, awunakudlula ngokulula kodwa ugqwese ngokwenene.
Xa abantu bethetha ngokuthotyelwa kokuhamba kokutya e-United States, bahlala bephosa ii-acronyms ezininzi ezididayo. Kodwa ukuba sibuyisela umva ulwimi lwe-bureaucratic, yonke into ikhomba emva kumthetho omnye osisiseko: iUkuthutha ngococeko lokutya kwabantu kunye nezilwanyanalawula phantsi kwe-FSMA (ikhowudi kwi-21 CFR Icandelo le-1 Subpart O).
I-FDA ayijongi nje umqhubi welori. Umthetho usasaza ngokucacileyo uxanduva lomthetho kuzo zonke iindima ezine ezahlukileyo kwinkqubo yolungiselelo lwendalo:
[I-FSMA Compliance Chain]
├── Abahambisi (Iseta imilinganiselo yobushushu kunye nemigaqo yococeko)
├── Abalayishi (Iqinisekisa ukupholisa kwangaphambili kunye nococeko lwetreyila phambi kokulayisha)
├── Abathwali bomzimba^/Gcina abathwali ^/Gcina abathwali ^/Gcina abathwali ^/Gcina abathwali ^izixhobo zothutho. └── Abamkeli (Ivavanya ukusetyenziswa kakubi kobushushu ekufikeni)
Ukuba inkampani yakho isebenza eyakhe inqanawa yeetreyila zokuhanjiswa kwasekhaya, amagumbi abandayo ahambayo, okanye iireferensi zokusasaza kwingingqi,uhlala uthatha iindima ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubunzima obupheleleyo bokuthotyelwa buxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo emagxeni akho.
I-FDA ivavanya ukuthotyelwa kwakho phezu kwendlela ngokusekelwe kwiindidi ezine zokusebenza ezingundoqo. Ukuba awunabo ubungqina obubhaliweyo nakwenye yale mimandla, izixhobo zakho zingathathwa ngokusemthethweni "zikrexezileyo" -ithetha ukuba iphathwa njengento engcolileyo, nokuba ukutya kubonakala kulungile ngokupheleleyo.
| INtsika yoLawulo | Imfuneko egunyazisiweyo | Ugqaliselo oluBalulekileyo lwabaSebenzi beeFlethi |
| Isithuthi kunye noYilo lweZixhobo | Kufuneka icoceke ngokulula kwaye ikwazi ukugcina ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu phantsi koxinzelelo. | Ubukhulu be-insulation, iipaneli zangaphakathi zebakala lokutya, kunye nokusebenza kwe-automated defrost. |
| Imisebenzi yezoThutho | Kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka okunqamlezayo kunye nohambo lobushushu. | Ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni kokutya okukrwada vs. okulungele ukutyiwa; ukuqinisekiswa kokuzinza kwangaphambili kokupholisa. |
| Amaxwebhu oQeqesho | Abasebenzi be-Carrier kufuneka baqinisekiswe kwiindlela zokuthutha ezicocekileyo. | Iilogi zoqeqesho ezibhaliweyo zigcinwe kwiifayile zabo bonke abaqhubi, abalayishi, kunye nabasebenzi bedokhi. |
| Ukugcinwa kwerekhodi | Izivumelwano ezibhaliweyo, izigodo zokucoca, kunye nedatha yenzwa eqhubekayo kufuneka ifikeleleke ngokulula. | Ukugcina zonke iirekhodi zekhonkco elisebenzayo ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezili-12. |
Masiphendule umbuzo obalulekileyo okhwelisa uninzi lwabaphathi bemisebenzi:Ngaba i-FDA ifuna i-telematics yesathelayithi ebiza kakhulu, yexesha lokwenyani kwitreyila nganye?
Impendulo ethe ngqo ithihayi. I-FDA ayigunyazisi uphawu oluthile okanye uhlobo lobuchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho uchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba umthwali kufuneka akwazibonisa ukugcinwa kobushushu xa uceliweukusuka nokuba ngumthumeli, umamkeli, okanye umphandi we-FDA.
Ukuba uthembele kumqhubi ngesandla ebhala phantsi amanani kwibhodi eqhotyoshwayo kanye qho kwiiyure ezine, udlala iroulette yaseRashiya ngokuthobela kwakho.
Ufundo lwedijithali olungaphambili kwiyunithi yereefer ikuxelela ubushushu bomoya ovuthuzayongaphandleyeyunithi yokupholisa umphunga. Iyenzekahayingqina ukuba umoya omileyo ngasemva wetreyila epakishwe ngokuqinileyo awuvalelekanga kwipokotho eyingozi yobushushu.
Ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ye-HACCP, iprotocol yakho yokulandela ubushushu kufuneka ilandele isicwangciso sokuqinisekisa samanqaku amaninzi:
Ukuqinisekiswa kokupholisa kwangaphambili:Ungaze ulayishe izinto ezitshabalalayo kwitreyila engekapholiswa kwangaphambili. Ukulayisha abasebenzi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ingaphakathi lenqwelwana lifikelele kwiqondo lokushisa elijoliswe kuyo (umzekelo, i-36 ° F yempahla efrijini, -4 ° F yempahla efriziwe) ngaphambi kokuba i-pallet yokuqala yempahla ingene kwi-compartment ye-trailer.
UkuLogwa kweDatha okuZimeleyo:Beka abagawuli bedatha abazimeleyo, abalinganisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwendawo yempahla-ngokukodwa kwindawo ephambili yokulawula i-Critical Control Point (CCP), ehlala ikufuphi neengcango ezingasemva apho ubushushu bokungena buphezulu.
UPhicotho lwe-Electronic oluqhubekayo:Sebenzisa i-automated data logers evelisa iingxelo ze-elektroniki ezingachanekanga (ngokuthobela i-21 CFR iSigaba 11). Ezi rekhodi zibonisa igrafu eqhubekayo, engaqhawukanga yomgca wexesha lohambo lonke, i-accounting for spikes zethutyana ngexesha le-automated defrost cycles.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, bendilawula ulungiselelo lolungiselelo losasazo lwengingqi olubandayo. Siye safumana utyando lokulungisa olungalindelekanga, ngoko ke sazisa i-backupitreyila efrijiniukujongana nokuhanjiswa kwentsasa yangoLwesihlanu okuqhutywa kwamaqanda angamalwelo angamalwelo kunye neziseko zobisi eziphambili kwikhonkco lokubhaka.
Inqwelo erhuqwayo yayicocekile, iyunithi yokupholisa yayiyeyanamhlanje, yaye umqhubi wayenamava. Kodwa kwakukho isiphene esinye esifihlakeleyo, esifihlakeleyo somatshini: i-chute yokuhambisa irabha yokuhambisa umoya ihamba ecaleni kwesilingi ngaphakathi kwetreyila yayikrazukile ezantsi embindini.
Ngenxa yokuba i-chute yakrazulwa, umoya obandayo ophuma kwi-evaporator wawulahla ngokuthe ngqo kwiipalethi ezimbini ezingaphambili endaweni yokuhamba yonke indlela ukuya ngasemva kweyunithi. Iipalethi zangaphambili zaziqinile ngokomkhenkce, ngelixa umva wetreyila waba yipokotho emileyo yomoya ofumileyo noshushu.
Xa inqwelo erhuqwayo yafika kwidokhi ephakathi yomthengi, igosa labo lokulawula umgangatho latsala idatha yobushushu. Ummandla ongasemva wawujikeleze i-48 ° F ngaphezu kweeyure ezintathu-kakuhle ngaphakathi kwendawo eyingozi yokukhula kwe-pathogen (41 ° F ukuya kwi-135 ° F).
Umamkeli wala umva wesiqingatha setreyila ngoko nangoko. Kuye kwafuneka sitshabalalise ngaphezulu kwe-14,000 yeedola zexabiso lempahla yobisi ngenxa yeqhekeza elilula lerabha ekrazukileyo elinokuthatha imizuzu elishumi ukuyilungisa.
Eso sifundo sibuhlungu siyitshintshe ngokupheleleyo indlela esiphatha ngayo ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo. Yiyo loo nto amaqabane ethu ezithuthi ngoku ebeka phambili umgangatho wokwenziwa kwemveliso ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Xa spec'ing asethi ukusuka kumakhi yorhwebo ekumgangatho ophezulu efanaZZKNOWN, sijonge ngokusondeleyo kwingqibelelo yokusasazwa komoya, iilayini zangaphakathi zebanga lokutya ezingenamthungo, kunye nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwe-thermal ukukhusela i-micro-climate efihliweyo ekuphuhliseni ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lempahla.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinqanawa zakho azinakufumana ukwaliwa kwemveliso ebiza imali eninzi okanye isenzo sonyanzeliso, udinga inkqubo ephindaphindwayo, esemgangathweni.
Nantsi ukusebenzaUluhlu lwe-HACCP lwetreyila yokutyaukuba amaqela akho okulayisha kunye nokuqhuba kufuneka aqhube phambi, ngexesha, nasemva komlenze ngamnye wothutho:
[ ] IMfezeko yoLwakhiwo:Khangela ukuba amatywina ocango kunye neegaskets zingenamoya ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho zintanda zibonakalayo, ukubola okomileyo, okanye izithuba.
[ ] I-Airflow Chute:Qinisekisa ukuba i-chute yokuhanjiswa komoya yesilingi incamathele ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ayinazithintelo, ikrazulwa, okanye ihexa.
[ ] Ukucoceka ngokwaseMzimbeni:Qinisekisa ukuba iindonga, imigangatho, kunye neekona azinabumdaka obubonakalayo, inkunkuma, amanzi amileyo, i-ice buildup, okanye amabala aphilayo kwimithwalo yangaphambili.
[ ] Uvavanyo lwevumba:Ukusezela ubume obungaphakathi. Nayiphi na imichiza eyomeleleyo, ivumba elibi, okanye elivumba limnandi libonisa ukungonelanga kococeko okanye imingcipheko yongcoliseko lwekhemikhali.
[ ] Imigca yokukhupha amanzi:Qinisekisa ukuba iidreyini zomgangatho zicocekile ngokupheleleyo kububutyobo kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuze uhlambe amanzi abaleke.
[ ] Hlamba Phantsi:Hlamba iindonga zangaphakathi kunye nemigangatho usebenzisa i-agent-grade yokutya, i-EPA-registered sanitizing agent.
[ ] Ukususwa kweMichiza:Hlamba ngocoselelo ngamanzi okusela ukuba ngaba umenzi wekhemikhali ufuna njalo, uqinisekise ukuba akukho ntsalela yekhemikhali eshiyekileyo engcolisa ukupakishwa kokutya.
[ ] Ixesha Lokomisa:Vumela ingaphakathi letreyila ukuba yome emoyeni ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba uvale iingcango kwaye uqalise umjikelo wokuphola kwangaphambili.
[ ] Umjikelo waPhambi kokuPhola:Qhuba iyunithi ye-reefer de iqondo lobushushu langaphakathi lizinze kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo echazwe kwi-bill of lading (BOL).
[ ] Ukuvula iDatha yeLogger:Qalisa kwaye ubeke ireyitha yedatha elungelelanisiweyo yombane ngasemva kwendawo yomthwalo.
[ ] Isithuba sokuhamba komoya:Qinisekisa ukuba imithwalo ilayishwa ubuncinane ngee-intshi ezi-2 ukusuka kwiindonga ezisemacaleni, ii-intshi ezi-6 ukusuka kwi-chute yesilingi, kwaye iipalethi zilayishwa kwiirack zomgangatho ukuvumela umoya ukuba ujikeleze ngokukhululekileyo ngaphantsi komthwalo.
Uphicotho olungalindelekanga lolawulo lwegosa likarhulumente weSebe lezoThutho (DOT) okanye umphandi we-FDA ngamava abukhali, kodwa akufuneki ukuba abe luxinzelelo. Abaphicothi-zincwadi bafuna into enye:umsantsa phakathi kweenkqubo zakho zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni ezibhaliweyo (ii-SOPs) ezithi uyenzile, kunye noko amaxwebhu akho omzimba angqina ukuba uyenzile.
Ukuba umphicothi-zincwadi uyanyathela kwidokhi yakho yokulayisha ngomso, landela le migaqo ukuze uhlale ulawula:
Musa ukwenza umphandi alinde ngelixa uzingela kwiikhabhathi zokufayilisha ezimdaka okanye ujonge i-spreadsheets kwikhompyuter endala yedesktop. Gcina isibophelelo sokuthobela esilungele uphicotho-zincwadi okanye ifolda yelifu ezinikeleyo equlethe:
Iinkqubo zakho ezibhaliweyo zokuthutha ucoceko (njengoko kufunwa yi-21 CFR § 1.908).
Imbali engaqhawukanga yeenyanga ezili-12 yeelogi zokucoca iinqwelwana ezidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwiinombolo ezithile zokuzazisa isithuthi (VINs).
Izatifikethi zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi ezibonisa ukuba abalayishi bakho kunye nabaqhubi balugqibile ngempumelelo izifundo zokhuseleko lokutya kunye nezothutho lococeko.
Zilungiselele ukucacisa izicwangciso zakho zamanyathelo okulungisa. Ukuba umphicothi-zincwadi uyabuza,Wenza ntoni umqhubi wakho ukuba iqondo lobushushu linyuka ngaphezulu kwe-$42^circ ext{F}$ ngexesha lokuhamba?", iqela lakho kufuneka libe nempendulo ecacileyo, ekhawulezileyo:
"Umqhubi ukhupha ngokukhuselekileyo, uhlolisise iyunithi yeekhowudi zoomatshini, abafowunelwa bathumela ngokukhawuleza, babhale ixesha lokuhamba ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yethu yokulandelela idijithali, kwaye ubambe umthwalo wokuvavanya umgangatho osemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba uhanjiswe kumamkeli."
Ukubonisa ukuba unenkqubo esebenzayo, eqeqeshekileyo yokusingatha imiba ixelela umphicothi-zincwadi yonke into afuna ukuyazi malunga nenkcubeko yokhuseleko lwenkampani yakho.
I-FDA ichaza indawo eyingozi yobushushu ngexesha//ulawulo lobushushu lokhuseleko lokutya (TCS ukutya) njengoluhlu oluphakathi41°Fkunye ne135°F (5°C ukuya ku-57°C). Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, iipathogens ezinobungozi zokutya ezifanaSalmonella, IListeria monocytogenes, kwayeE. colizingaphindaphindeka ngokukhawuleza, zinokubaphinda kabini abantu bazo ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engamashumi amabini.
Akukho mgaqo wekhalenda umiselweyo (njengokuthi "kanye ngeentsuku ezintathu"). Phantsi kwezikhokelo ze-HACCP, itreyila kufuneka icocwe kwaye icocwenanini na kukho umngcipheko wosulelo. Umzekelo, kufuneka ucoce iyunithi ngokukhawuleza emva kokutsala imveliso ekrwada engahlanjwanga okanye inyama ekrwada phambi kokuba ukwazi ukulayisha ngokukhuselekileyo ukutya okuphekiweyo okulungele ukutyiwa okanye izinto ezibhakiweyo.
Hayi. Ngelixa kukho ukuxolelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezemali kumashishini amancinci kakhulu angaphantsi kwe-$$500,000$ kwingeniso engumndilili wonyaka, injongo yesakhiwo somthetho ihlala ibanzi. Ukuba uthutha ukutya okufuna ulawulo lobushushu ukunqanda ukuba kungakhuseleki, imisebenzi yakho kufuneka isebenzise iindlela zococeko, ugcine iingxelo ezichanekileyo, kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezisebenza ngokuthembekileyo.
Ngaphantsi kwe-21 CFR § 1.912, zonke iirekhodi ezifunekayo phantsi komgaqo wezoThutho zeSanitary-kubandakanywa neenkqubo ezibhaliweyo, iirekhodi zoqeqesho lomthwali, kunye neengxelo zokulandelela ukushisa-kufuneka zigcinwe.ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12ukusukela kumhla owenziwe ngawo uthutho.
Ukuhamba ngemithetho yokhuseleko lokutya edibeneyo kunokuziva kunzima ekuqaleni, kodwa ekugqibeleni kuhla ekulinganiseni imikhwa yakho yemihla ngemihla. Ngokuphumeza uluhlu lokutshekisha olucacileyo, utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezikumgangatho ophezulu zetreyila ukusuka kumagama athembekileyo afanaZZKNOWN, kunye nokuxhasa imisebenzi yakho ngeenkcukacha ezigciniweyo zedatha, wenza okungaphezulu kunokukhusela ishishini lakho ekukhatyweni okuxabisa kakhulu kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho. Uzakhela udumo oluqinileyo njengomntu othembekileyo, onobuchule bokwenza izinto kule mihla.
Ukuze ube nokuqonda okunzulu okubonakalayo malunga nendlela ii-arhente zomdibaniso ezinyanzelisa ngayo le migangatho yekhonkco elibandayo endleleni, unokubukela oku kuphononongwa kwemfundo yoMthetho wokuThuthwa kweSanitary. Olu qwalaselo lugxininisa indlela i-FDA elindele ngayo abathumeli, abalayishi, kunye nabathwali ukuba basebenzisane ngokusondeleyo ukukhusela umgangatho wokutya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu kuwo wonke uthungelwano lwezothutho.
